China's problems in 1949
- Opposition to CCP still existed
- China was very poower (low industrial production)
- Most industry taken by Japan
- High Illiteracy
- 29th September 1949
- Mao holds "Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" with 14 other parties
- To form new constitution for China
- Will become Democratic Dictatorship
- Multi-Layered People's Congress
- Would elect representative to go to the National People's Congress
- President: Mao
- Premier: Zhou Enlai
- Politburo in charge of day to day operations
- Controlled the "3 pillars of the government"
- PLA used to repair infrastructure, farm
- Economic Changes
- CCP promised land reform. 30th June 1950: Agrarian Reform Law announced
- 2-4 Million landlords killed (use of terror and oppression to consolidate power)
- Farming didn't significantly increase
- Mutual Aid Teams
- Peasants farm each others land
- Government supplied extra fertiliser and tools as reward
- Farmers forced to sell 15-20% of their crops
- Banned all public banks => allowed government to control money supply
- Social Changes
- CCP divided the population
- peasants
- industrial workers
- petty bourgeoisie
- national bourgeoisie
- CCP divided the population
- Reeducation Campaign
- Simplified Chinese
- 1950: "Resist America, Aid Korea" kicked out all foreign missionaries and businessmen
- 1951 "Three Antis Campaign": encouraged to fight corruption, waste and "red Tape"
- 1952 "Five Antis Campaign": aimed to remove bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft and spying
- Social groups created to force everyone to belong to some form of communist organization (Similar to Nazi Germany)
- Thought Reform sessions forced onto workers, peasants and students
- "Movement for the Study of Mao Zedong Thought" involved the study of his writing and public self-criticism
- Everyone organized into "Danwei" or work units
- April 1950 Marriage Law
- Ended arranged marriages
- Killing of unwanted girls outlawed
- Bigamy outlawed
- Gave women the right to divorce
- Minimum age for marriage
- Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
- Korean War helped cement China's position
- 1953: China had kicked out all the Western powers and became a key Communist power